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sistine chapel restoration last judgement sweat

Vatican conservators are currently undertaking a delicate restoration of Michelangelo’s 16th-century masterpiece, The Last Judgement, to remove a white film caused by tourist sweat. The accumulation of lactic acid and calcium carbonate, exacerbated by record-high visitor numbers and rising temperatures, has created a "cataract" effect that obscures the fresco's original vibrancy. Using distilled water and Japanese rice paper, specialists are cleaning the monumental work to reveal long-hidden details in the figures of Christ and the surrounding saints.

10 art restorations in 2025

In 2025, a series of major art restorations unveiled transformative discoveries in masterpieces by Caravaggio, Raphael, and Artemisia Gentileschi, among others. Caravaggio's final work, *The Martyrdom of St. Ursula* (1610), owned by Intesa Sanpaolo, was cleaned ahead of Rome's "Caravaggio 2025" exhibition, revealing hidden faces and a soldier's helmet previously only visible by x-ray. At the Vatican Museums, a decade-long restoration of the Raphael Rooms concluded with the revelation that two allegorical figures in the Hall of Constantine were painted by Raphael himself, not just his assistants, rewriting art history. Meanwhile, Artemisia Gentileschi's *Hercules and Omphale* (ca. 1635–37), damaged in the Beirut explosion, underwent emergency conservation by the Getty.