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Arnulf Rainer, a revolutionary figure in postwar Austrian art, has died aged 96

Arnulf Rainer, a revolutionary figure in postwar Austrian art, has died at age 96. His death on 18 December was confirmed by his gallery Thaddaeus Ropac, which described him as one of the most influential artists of the post-war period. Born in 1929 in Baden, Austria, Rainer emerged as a leading figure of the Austrian avant-garde, known for his gestural paintings confronting the atrocities of the Holocaust and Hiroshima, and for his experimental self-portraiture. He was a founding member of Galerie nächst St Stephan in postwar Vienna, a vital hub for artists seeking alternatives to the conservative art world. His signature Übermalungen (overpaintings) involved painting over photographs and self-portraits with aggressive gestures, dense black strokes, and erasures, creating charged works where violence and vulnerability coexist.

Shigeo Toya, artist who looked to nature with his wood sculptures, 1947–2026

Shigeo Toya, the Japanese artist renowned for his chainsaw-hewn wood sculptures, has died at age 79. Born in 1947 in a small village in Nagano Prefecture, Toya began his signature Woods series in 1984, carving rough textures into tall lumber and arranging the pieces like a forest. His series Twenty Eight Deaths featured stacked wooden blocks with cavities and burn marks. Toya represented Japan at the Venice Biennale in 1988 and later exhibited at the Asia Pacific Triennial (1993) and Gwangju Biennale (2000). A major survey of his work was held at the Nagano Prefectural Art Museum and The Museum of Modern Art, Saitama, in 2022–23.